Originally Posted by Bilal Hassan

Sadia this is a succinct, compact and comprehensive extraction of the actual passage...Good job done...BUT room for improvement is always there so now i would like to make some comments based on my critical analysis, and this is exactly you wanted from me..so here we go..
the Title is the linchpin to secure good marks in precis...if precis is the summary of the passage then title is the summary of your precis.....there is definitely nothing wrong with your title but you have narrowed the scope of passage, this passage is not only about identifying the objectives but also implicating according to them, and both these things i-e identifying and implicating are the part of Management, and for your passage a Management term MBO (Management by objectives) qualifies to be the best and very precise title...
A Tip
Do not think about title from the very start, please do not make a title from what you gather out of actual passage, i suggest all of you to make precis first, once you have done this, now give a title to your precis because this is the real currux and one more benefit you get by doing this, there would be no contradiction between precis and title because title is derived from precis...and it is easier to derive title from precis because you have to deal with only 1/3rd of actual passage, so you get the whole idea easily.....
Best of Luck in all your endeavors...

Originally Posted by SADIA SHAFIQ

Q.2. Make a précis of the given passage and suggest a suitable heading. (20+5) 2009

From Plato to Tolstoi art has been accused of exciting our emotions and thus of disturbing the order and harmony of our moral life.” Poetical imagination, according to Plato, waters our experience of lust and anger, of desire and pain, and makes them grow when they ought to starve with drought. “Tolstoi sees in art a source of infection. “Not only in infection,” he says, “a sign of art , but the degree of infectiousness is also the sole measure of excellence in art.” But the flaw in this theory is obvious. Tolstoi suppresses a fundamental moment of art, the moment of form. The aesthetic experience – the experience of contemplation- is a different state of mind from the coolness of our theoretical and the sobriety of our moral judgment. It is filled with the liveliest energies of passion, but passion itself is here transformed both in its nature and in its meaning. Wordsworth defines poetry as “ emotion recollected in tranquility’. But the tranquility we feel in great poetry is not that of recollection. The emotions aroused by the poet do not belong to a remote past. They are “ here”- alive and immediate. We are aware of their full strength, but this strength tends in a new direction. It is rather seen than immediately felt. Our passions are no longer dark and impenetrable powers; they become, as it were, transparent. Shakespeare never gives us an aesthetic theory. He does not speculate about the nature of art. Yet in the only passage in which he speaks of the character and functions of dramatic art the whole stress is laid upon this point. “ The purpose of playing,” as Hamlet explains, “ both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as, twere, the mirror up to nature; to show virtue her own feature, scorn her own image, and the very age and body of the time, his form and pressure.” But the image of the passion is not the passion itself. The poet who represents a passion doest not infected us with this passion. At a Shakespeare play we are not infected with the ambition of Macbeth, with the cruelty of Richard III or with the jealously of Othello. We are not at the mercy of these emotions; we look through them; we seem to penetrate into their very nature and essence. In this respect Shakespeare’s theory of dramatic art, if he had such a theory, is in complete agreement with the conception of the fine arts of the great painters and sculptors.

Title of precis;theroy of dramatic art.

SHAKESPEARE ;THE PIONEER OF DRAMITCI THEROY

Total words 426/3=142

precis total words =151

Both Plato and Tolstoy considered art leading towards immorality.According to Plato ,it excites evils in mind which should be diminished .Tolstoy consider art an infection whereby degree of infectiousness defines excellency in the piece of art.There are flaws in this Theory of art ; it denies imaginative skills which develop calibers for moral judgment as well as catharsis. Wordsworth says poetry is an immediate experience of meditation .These thoughtful observation are converted from visualization to actualization.Shakespeare instead of theorizing or defining it stressed on characters and thematic connotation of life .In his plays, one does not move towards vices because these are representation of characteristics of nature and Age .Portraying these facts do not lead towards imitation of their bad deeds but arouse pity and fear.Shakespeare pioneered the theory of dramatic art by portraying the mirror of life.

Originally Posted by SADIA SHAFIQ

Q # 1... Make a précis of the given passage and suggest a suitable heading: (20 + 5)2006
Total words ---358/3=119 near to 120



It was not so in Greece, where philosophers professed less, and undertook more. Parmenides pondered nebulously over the mystery of knowledge; but the pre-Socratics kept their eyes with fair consistency upon the firm earth, and sought to ferret out its secrets by observation and experience, rather than to create it by exuding dialectic; there were not many introverts among the Greeks. Picture Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher; would he not be perilous company for the dessicated scholastics who have made the disputes about the reality of the external world take the place of medieval discourses on the number of angles that could sit on the point of a pin? Picture Thales, who met the challenge that philosophers were numskulls by “cornering the market” and making a fortune in a year. Picture Anaxagoras, who did the work of Darwin for the Greeks and turned Pericles form a wire-pulling politician into a thinker and a statesman, Picture old Socrates, unafraid of the sun or the stars, gaily corrupting young men and overturning governments; what would he have done to these bespectacled seedless philosophasters who now litter the court of the once great Queen? To Plato, as to these virile predecessors, epistemology was but the vestibule of philosophy, akin to the preliminaries of love; it was pleasant enough for a while, but it was far from the creative consummation that drew wisdom’s lover on. Here and there in the shorter dialogues, the Master dallied amorously with the problems of perception, thought, and knowledge; but in his more spacious moments he spread his vision over larger fields, built himself ideal states and brooded over the nature and destiny of man. And finally in Aristotle philosophy was honoured in all her boundless scope and majesty; all her mansions were explored and made beautiful with order; here every problem found a place and every science brought its toll to wisdom. These men knew that the function of philosophy was not to bury herself in the obscure retreats of epistemology, but to come forth bravely into every realm of inquiry, and gather up all knowledge for the coordination and illumination of human character and human life.



Title of precis;Evolution and disciplining of philosophy .



Greece (Greek) scholars were scientists like parmendies.But pre-scocrates did not frame new principles instead restricted over the prevalent view of static earth.Democritus challenged the biased theories regarding space of these scholars whereas Thales satirizes philosophers who sell their baseless theories. Anaxagoras influenced Pericles to become a philosopher .Socrates found new horizons of space knowledge but could not mend the old philosophies.Plato views that these baseless theories could not convinced the new generations due to lack of creativity.Plato was able to formulate new ideals based on scientific process of philosophy .Aristotle pioneered all the branches of human nature by verifying the laws of nature not by dumping problems rather exploring them;they knew that mysteries should be resolved by finding the hidden truths.


Total words 120

Originally Posted by Bilal Hassan

The best title is Genesis of Philosophy in Greece.....dear now you have generalized the title, Philosophy starts from pre socratic era and Greeks only shaped it, then there is medieval Philosophy that starts from Wittgenstein and Nietzsche and lasts till Renaissance, then there is Modern Philosophy that starts with Existentialism of jean Paul Sartre, you included all in your title, while the passage is just about the Evolution in Greece.....i am being more critic but see that's for your own good and on your own request...

Originally Posted by SADIA SHAFIQ

Q.2. Make a precise of the following passage and suggest a suitable heading. (20) 2012

words =375 ,1/3=125

One of the most ominous and discreditable symptoms of the want of candour in present-day sociology is the deliberate neglect of the population question. It is or should be transparently clear that if the State is resolved, on humanitarian grounds, to inhibit the operation of natural selection, some rational regulation of population, both as regards quantity and quality, is
imperatively necessary. There is no self-acting adjustment, apart from starvation, of numbers to the means of subsistence. If all natural checks are removed, a population in advance of the optimum number will be produced, and maintained at the cost of a reduction in the standard of living. When this pressure begins to be felt, that section of the population which is capable of reflection, and which has a standard of living which may be lost, will voluntarily restrict its numbers, even to the point of failing to replace deaths by an equivalent number of new births; while the underworld, which always exists in every civilised society the failures and misfits and derelicts, moral and physical will exercise no restraint, and will be a constantly increasing drain upon the national resources. The population will thus be recruited, in a very undue proportion, by those strata of society which do not possess the qualities of useful citizens.

The importance of the problem would seem to be sufficiently obvious. But politicians know that the subject is unpopular. The unborn have no votes. Employers like a surplus of labour, which can be drawn upon when trade is good. Militarists want as much food for powder as they can get. Revolutionists instinctively oppose any real remedy for social evils; they know that every unwanted child is a potential insurgent. All three can appeal to a quasi-religious prejudice, resting apparently on the ancient theory of natural rights, which were supposed to include the right of unlimited procreation. This objection is now chiefly urged by celibate or childless priests; but it is held with such fanatical vehemence that the fear of losing the votes which they control is a welcome excuse for the baser sort of politician to shelve the subject as inopportune. The Socialist calculation is probably erroneous; for experience has shown that it is aspiration, not desperation, that makes revolutions.


The opportunism in over population.

Over population question has been ignored in sociology intentionally because excellence and number is regarded absolutely necessary for the reasonable control of population.Excluding natural calamities no remedies offered.By taking away natural barriers ,population will explode while diminishing living standards.At this ,the representative faction counterbalance it by restraining growth rate.The demimonde faction having least facilities for survival will continue to grow double replicating immoral class burdening the natural resources.politician for votes ,entrepreneurs for cheap labour ,Army for ammunition and revolutionaries for their agenda support theory of individual rights for reproduction inferring logic from religion .The impotent faction has raised this point but this matter has been drained down by politician for fear of losing support .Social activist support it as a sole cause of social change .


130

Originally Posted by SADIA SHAFIQ

In fact ,i appreciate for your concern and your criticism is helpful.I need healthy criticism.So if may evaluate and judge what is best Thanx for admiration .

I want to say something about title . You said ,more appropriate title would be its evolution .You have defined different ages w.r.t it.So what will you say Aristotle is amongst classicists and father of philosophy too ? If not then explain it . what you will say about this particular precis..

I will focus on title now too ..

Originally Posted by Bilal Hassan

The share of above purple shaded part of passage is is very small in precis and not at all in title, The title mere represents the opportunism and dear this opportunism is not in positive terms rather it is a satire, this means that some people have their own axe to grind, opportunity is not for something good... so this title is a disaster.....My title would be, Population Explosion; Repercussions and Egocentricity.....

Originally Posted by Bilal Hassan

Dear this passage is about the evolution of philosophy in Greek peninsula only as all those people mentioned here belong to that area, dear Philosophy was flourishing in Ionian region as well so if we be more succinct and precise then philosophy's evolution here just means Evolution in Greek peninsula, Alexander conquered all these areas and annexed to in one empire...and Alexander was the disciple of Aristotle so he came later.....now you got it...by the way i am Philosopher as well , please pray for my final selection in PMS.....i have very tough subjects there...sis pray for me...

P.S precis is good, essence is found...

Originally Posted by SADIA SHAFIQ

I have seen your name in this thread .

Congrats my dear brother .May Allah Talah will grant all what you need more and required.Amen !

I understand it . I am smelling here fragrance of sweet philosophy .Your skills told more about your success.Well do not believe on fate but on luck! .so for Luck pray and for determination work hard. you have guts to pass CSS exam with flying colors . But I am in dire need of prayers too.So pray for me and be here !