Pak Aff Take Part & get prepared for CE13 - Page 18

pearlyS · #**171** Thursday, August 16, 2012

Q8. Aligarh Movement Injected a new life in the body of the Muslim nation and how movement helped to regain their lost glory and prestige. Discuses.

1) Introduction
2) Post War of independence situation & Muslims under wrath of new rulers
3) How Movement came to the rescue of the wronged Muslims of subcontinent (Services)
a) Educational
b) Socio-cultural
c) Political
4) Recurrence of gone glory & prestige (Impacts)
5) Conclusion

1) Introduction:-

Aligarrah Movement or services of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan(1807-1898) are one and the same thing.Because Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the person who first assessed plight of his brethern, after the War of Independence, through prism of reality & then tried his best to bring some respite.Modern Education of his community-men was the mainstay of his strategy to revive their image of cultured and highly eduacted nation.All ventures he started & all policies he made to stem the decline of the Muslims were together named as Aligarrah Movement.Although nature of the Movement was purely eduactional & cultural but when her impacts were observed & analyzed it came up that the Movement had impacted all spheres of the then Muslim community.Under the banner of Aligarrah Movement,Sir Syed provided Muslims necessary socio-cultural outlook to understand the changes around them,a strong eduactional base to stand confidently and a vision, direction & platform that later guided them in their political posturing.Most importantly he helped in reducing gulf between Muslims & the Britsh rulers without which it was impossible for the Muslims to regain their morale & position.

2) Post War of independence situation & Muslims under wrath of new rulers

The War of Independence took place in 1857 and had it's roots in unjust policies of the Bristish rulers & their negligence towards sentiments of their subjects.Hindus & Muslims both participated in that war but British put the onus of war on the Muslims.It was partially because they had grabbed throne of the Subcontinent from Muslims,thus,they were more sceptic or cynic towards the MUslims & their resentment towards the British.Doors of Government officies or trade were closed at Muslims that means progress & prosperity had been banned for them.In eduactional field,situation was worst then ever.Due to growing clout of Missionaries and introduction of Western or English eduaction,Muslims did not want to send their children to the institutes.They resented the closure of Makteb system & end of religious education.Therefore,within years,Muslims from pedestal of educational , socio-economic supremacy & political ascendancy fell on the ground and went unconscious of their changed surroundings.
That was the context of starting off of the Aligarrah Movement.Sir Syed made up his mind to awaken the moribund Muslim nation through western education,rational understanding of facts & conciliatory stance towards the British.

"Sir Syed set up a college,nay,he bulit up a nation" (Molvi Abdul Haq)

3) How Movement came to rescue of the wronged Muslims of subcontinent (Services)

Sir Syed was an erudite scholar & astute statesman.He had realized that use of force or showing hatred to the British was not a desireable move that time.Moreoevr, Muslims were not in the position to do so.Nonetheless,their incooperation was only helping Hindus to gain maximum benefits.Thus through his pen,head & heart he concocted the defense & then support system for his fellow community men.
a) Services in Eduactional field to get back the lost confidence:

1) Establishment of a school in Muradabad (1859)
2) Establishment of school in Ghazipur (1862)
3) Scientific Society in 1864( it was established to translate books, written in English, to the Urdu language.Approximately 800 books were translated)
4) Establishment of Aligarrah Institute Gazzette (1866) He himself wrote 262 Articles for the Gazzette.It was full of information about modern sciences-a very well reputed & appreciated work.
5) Risala tehzeeb o akhlaq (1870) It was on the pattern of Tatler magazine and it's publication was started after his return from London.That magazine was evidence of his interest in Modern Education and English mannerism or sophistication. The magazine was an educationist in its own right as it taught Muslims new civilized way of living.
6) Aligarrah Institute (1875) Later on it was made college in 1877 & after death of Sir Syed it was made university in 1913.
Above-mentioned steps had far reaching impacts in buttressing the cause of Muslims' rights.The most important move was establishment of Aligarrah school.It was established on the pattern of the western education system like the Cambridge & Oxford.He was greatly impressed by that system of learning and introduced it in Aligarrah College to sync oriental studies with modern science and English eduaction.He hired British professors to impart knowledge & insight among new generation of the Muslims.He compelled Muslims to understand the urgency of times & got prepared for new era of Science & modernity.

"His motto was educate,educate & educate." (Graham , in Sir Syed's Biography)

With education comes power,power to separate good from bad,to adjust prioritites & to make decisions,decisions that are informed,rational and lead to real progress.This is exactly what Aligarrah Movement provided to the Muslims.

b) Services to uplift Socio-cultural dispositon & thawrt religious conservatism & bigotry

Publications like Risala Tehzib o Ikhlaq was aimed at transforming Muslims medieval social manners to contemporary civilized etiquettes.Aligarrh Institute Gazzette was also doing the service of enlightening mindset of Muslims.He strived diligently to save the Urdu language from getting buried under debris of state neglect.After 1867 urdu-hindi controversy he expidited his efforts to purge the Urdu from ostentation or verbosity and making it a live language.He translated English books in Urdu vernacular.
The new system of Education & learning the English language also helped Muslims to embrace new ideas.Within one generation they had been able to get jobs in Government offices.Sir Syed also championed quota system in jobs to help Muslims in getting decent jobs.Thus their social status started getting improved.They were made capable enough to get rid of ulemas who had done nothing for them except issuing fatwas against the modern education.That modern eduaction cleaned the dirt of conservatism & irrationality off their mind.Risala ehkam e tawam was written to erase the misconception that a Muslim should not inter-dine with Christens.Sir Syed wrote that as Christens are the people of Book( ehle kitab) therefore there is no harm in sitting with them on same dinning table.
Sir Syed was a staunch muslim but not a fanatic.He also did not want his brethern to adopt path of extremism.Aligarrah Movement also took significant steps to eradicate that evil of fanaticim budding in hearts of the Muslims due to perceived fear of 'infidel' cultural onslaught.He wrote a commentary on the Holy book of Muslims.That commentry was rational interpretation of Islam that was welcoming towards Science.In that commentry he,at least on 57 places,disagreed with interpretation of Islam by Ulemas.According to him words & work of Almighty could not contradict,it was Muslims who were wrong in their understanding of Islam.He also wrote "khutbat e ahmadiya " to straight the facts and figueres about Prophet's life that were twisted by William Muir in his book.He also cleared the concept of word "Nisara" ( a kind of derogatory term for Christens) by tracing its etymological meaning.He also wrote a document on similarities between the Bible & the Holy Quran to create harmony between two communities.His writings were considered authentic & duly appreciated & followed by British statesmen & policy makers (in Indian matters).

c) Political Services

Preface of write up on political services of Aligarrh Movement should be like,"it was never a political Movement neither it aimed to gain any political benefit.Then how come some of it's services have been listed as political.??Politics was Sir Syed's pet aversion but he struggled for rights of Muslims.The very first step in that direction was attempts to fill schism between Muslims & the Britsh rulers.He wrote "Causes of Revolt" pamphlet and very courageously explained that how racial discrimination & heedlessness towards sentiments of her subjects cost the British in the form of loss of men and material.He pointed towards non-admission of Muslims in legislative council & piling up of grievances that triggered off that revolt.He assured the British rulers that Muslims are peace loving nation & were loyal to them.
He was the first person who used word "qoum" for Muslims.Sir Syed in his 1884 speech as member of legislative council pointed towards pecularities of the Indian subcontinent as habitat of different nations.He advocated separate electorates that later on became basis of Muslim's demand of separate electorate.He showed his dismay towards agitational politics of Indian National Congress (1885).He established Muslim Educational Conference in 1886,though reason behind creation was overview of yearly progress in eduactional field,dissemination of message of Aligarrah,it wore the avatar of political mouth piece of the Muslims & became forerunner of All India Muslim League.As a counterblast to Congress he created United Indian Patriotic Association.After Cow-killing riots he creadted Mohammadan Defense Association.Thus despite eschewel of politics he duly cared about rights of the Muslims.

4) Reemergence of gone glory & prestige (Impacts)

a) In a shortest time period Muslims got acceptance in all spheres of life by the British overlords.Perhaps the change occured in their behaviour in between 1870-80.Before that Aligarrah Movement had to fought on 2 fronts,1) with the British animosity towards the Muslims & with fellow Muslims scepticism toward Modernity.

b) When Government jobs were opened for the Muslims,sixty percent men,who got jobs were Aligarrahrians.

c) Aligarrah Movement Publications were widely accepted by the elite class officers who took help from those write ups while framing policies.Those publications published grievances of the Muslims,remedial steps & also helped Muslims to think on new terms.Thus Muslim view-point got sympathic ears.

d) Aligarrah Movement had a galaxy of well eduacted Muslim personalities that later took part in active politics to secure rights of the Muslims.

e) Social outlook of Muslims got some semblance of contemporary and much needed reorientation.This change was appreciation of the fact that their innings had been played and thus they had to come up with something new.Aligarrah Movement realised Muslim that ostrich like disposition would not help them in acquiring back their prestige.

f) Politically , Muslims built upon Sir Syed's definition of Two Nation Theory and his idea about separate electorates.The students of Aligarrah took part in khilafat Movement 1920-1924,helped Muslim League to win elections of 1945-46,made Pakistan Resolution name of every Muslim household.Simla Deputation & creation of All India Muslim League was based on vision of his efforts for righs the Muslims.The only change was a formal political party.

Jinnah called Aligarrah Movement "Arsenal of Pakistan Movement" and Iqbal said about Sir Syed that "he was the first person who realised the need of fresh reorientation of Islam".The British Media called him "prophet of education".It is nothing less than a miracle that the Movement changed Muslims from a doomed nation to self-conscious and organized nation within one generationwithout shedding a drop of blood.
Demands made in the Simla Deputation (1905) ,creation of All India Muslim League and renewed sense of being distinct nation all were due to the vision & confidence provided by Aligarrah Movement.Two Nation Theory that was defined by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan is basis of Pakistan so the Movement helped the blighted nation to regain her glory.

5) Conclusion

It is crystal clear that Aligarrah Movement that was basically eduactional in nature but influenced all spheres of the Muslim life.It was eduactional renaissance that sparked off reawakening in hearts of the Muslims.From providing strong educational basis to well articulated political stance,from contemporary sociocultural outlook to rational understanding of religion this Movement was on forefront of struggle to regain past glory and prestige of the Muslims.

guys do check and mark...kindly do correction so that i know faults in writing.and sara,fassi,ali hashmat,shakeel ghori and shareena please give me some tip to better my typing speed,as i am taking too much time in typing one answer that is so easy to write on paper.

ssara · #**172** Thursday, August 16, 2012

Quote:

Originally Posted by pearlyS

Q8. Aligarh Movement Injected a new life in the body of the Muslim nation and how movement helped to regain their lost glory and prestige. Discuses.

1) Introduction
2) Post War of independence situation & Muslims under wrath of new rulers
3) How Movement came to the rescue of the wronged Muslims of subcontinent (Services)
a) Educational
b) Socio-cultural
c) Political
4) Recurrence of gone glory & prestige (Impacts)
5) Conclusion

1) Introduction:-

Aligarrah Movement or services of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan(1807-1898) are one and the same thing.Because Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the person who first assessed plight of his brethern, after the War of Independence, through prism of reality & then tried his best to bring some respite.Modern Education of his community-men was the mainstay of his strategy to revive their image of cultured and highly eduacted nation.All ventures he started & all policies he made to stem the decline of the Muslims were together named as Aligarrah Movement.Although nature of the Movement was purely eduactional & cultural but when her impacts were observed & analyzed it came up that the Movement had impacted all spheres of the then Muslim community.Under the banner of Aligarrah Movement,Sir Syed provided Muslims necessary socio-cultural outlook to understand the changes around them,a strong eduactional base to stand confidently and a vision, direction & platform that later guided them in their political posturing.Most importantly he helped in reducing gulf between Muslims & the Britsh rulers without which it was impossible for the Muslims to regain their morale & position.

2) Post War of independence situation & Muslims under wrath of new rulers

The War of Independence took place in 1857 and had it's roots in unjust policies of the Bristish rulers & their negligence towards sentiments of their subjects.Hindus & Muslims both participated in that war but British put the onus of war on the Muslims.It was partially because they had grabbed throne of the Subcontinent from Muslims,thus,they were more sceptic or cynic towards the MUslims & their resentment towards the British.Doors of Government officies or trade were closed at Muslims that means progress & prosperity had been banned for them.In eduactional field,situation was worst then ever.Due to growing clout of Missionaries and introduction of Western or English eduaction,Muslims did not want to send their children to the institutes.They resented the closure of Makteb system & end of religious education.Therefore,within years,Muslims from pedestal of educational , socio-economic supremacy & political ascendancy fell on the ground and went unconscious of their changed surroundings.
That was the context of starting off of the Aligarrah Movement.Sir Syed made up his mind to awaken the moribund Muslim nation through western education,rational understanding of facts & conciliatory stance towards the British.

"Sir Syed set up a college,nay,he bulit up a nation" (Molvi Abdul Haq)

3) How Movement came to rescue of the wronged Muslims of subcontinent (Services)

Sir Syed was an erudite scholar & astute statesman.He had realized that use of force or showing hatred to the British was not a desireable move that time.Moreoevr, Muslims were not in the position to do so.Nonetheless,their incooperation was only helping Hindus to gain maximum benefits.Thus through his pen,head & heart he concocted the defense & then support system for his fellow community men.
a) Services in Eduactional field to get back the lost confidence:

1) Establishment of a school in Muradabad (1859)
2) Establishment of school in Ghazipur (1862)
3) Scientific Society in 1864( it was established to translate books, written in English, to the Urdu language.Approximately 800 books were translated)
4) Establishment of Aligarrah Institute Gazzette (1866) He himself wrote 262 Articles for the Gazzette.It was full of information about modern sciences-a very well reputed & appreciated work.
5) Risala tehzeeb o akhlaq (1870) It was on the pattern of Tatler magazine and it's publication was started after his return from London.That magazine was evidence of his interest in Modern Education and English mannerism or sophistication. The magazine was an educationist in its own right as it taught Muslims new civilized way of living.
6) Aligarrah Institute (1875) Later on it was made college in 1877 & after death of Sir Syed it was made university in 1913.
Above-mentioned steps had far reaching impacts in buttressing the cause of Muslims' rights.The most important move was establishment of Aligarrah school.It was established on the pattern of the western education system like the Cambridge & Oxford.He was greatly impressed by that system of learning and introduced it in Aligarrah College to sync oriental studies with modern science and English eduaction.He hired British professors to impart knowledge & insight among new generation of the Muslims.He compelled Muslims to understand the urgency of times & got prepared for new era of Science & modernity.

"His motto was educate,educate & educate." (Graham , in Sir Syed's Biography)

With education comes power,power to separate good from bad,to adjust prioritites & to make decisions,decisions that are informed,rational and lead to real progress.This is exactly what Aligarrah Movement provided to the Muslims.

b) Services to uplift Socio-cultural dispositon & thawrt religious conservatism & bigotry

Publications like Risala Tehzib o Ikhlaq was aimed at transforming Muslims medieval social manners to contemporary civilized etiquettes.Aligarrh Institute Gazzette was also doing the service of enlightening mindset of Muslims.He strived diligently to save the Urdu language from getting buried under debris of state neglect.After 1867 urdu-hindi controversy he expidited his efforts to purge the Urdu from ostentation or verbosity and making it a live language.He translated English books in Urdu vernacular.
The new system of Education & learning the English language also helped Muslims to embrace new ideas.Within one generation they had been able to get jobs in Government offices.Sir Syed also championed quota system in jobs to help Muslims in getting decent jobs.Thus their social status started getting improved.They were made capable enough to get rid of ulemas who had done nothing for them except issuing fatwas against the modern education.That modern eduaction cleaned the dirt of conservatism & irrationality off their mind.Risala ehkam e tawam was written to erase the misconception that a Muslim should not inter-dine with Christens.Sir Syed wrote that as Christens are the people of Book( ehle kitab) therefore there is no harm in sitting with them on same dinning table.
Sir Syed was a staunch muslim but not a fanatic.He also did not want his brethern to adopt path of extremism.Aligarrah Movement also took significant steps to eradicate that evil of fanaticim budding in hearts of the Muslims due to perceived fear of 'infidel' cultural onslaught.He wrote a commentary on the Holy book of Muslims.That commentry was rational interpretation of Islam that was welcoming towards Science.In that commentry he,at least on 57 places,disagreed with interpretation of Islam by Ulemas.According to him words & work of Almighty could not contradict,it was Muslims who were wrong in their understanding of Islam.He also wrote "khutbat e ahmadiya " to straight the facts and figueres about Prophet's life that were twisted by William Muir in his book.He also cleared the concept of word "Nisara" ( a kind of derogatory term for Christens) by tracing its etymological meaning.He also wrote a document on similarities between the Bible & the Holy Quran to create harmony between two communities.His writings were considered authentic & duly appreciated & followed by British statesmen & policy makers (in Indian matters).

c) Political Services

Preface of write up on political services of Aligarrh Movement should be like,"it was never a political Movement neither it aimed to gain any political benefit.Then how come some of it's services have been listed as political.??Politics was Sir Syed's pet aversion but he struggled for rights of Muslims.The very first step in that direction was attempts to fill schism between Muslims & the Britsh rulers.He wrote "Causes of Revolt" pamphlet and very courageously explained that how racial discrimination & heedlessness towards sentiments of her subjects cost the British in the form of loss of men and material.He pointed towards non-admission of Muslims in legislative council & piling up of grievances that triggered off that revolt.He assured the British rulers that Muslims are peace loving nation & were loyal to them.
He was the first person who used word "qoum" for Muslims.Sir Syed in his 1884 speech as member of legislative council pointed towards pecularities of the Indian subcontinent as habitat of different nations.He advocated separate electorates that later on became basis of Muslim's demand of separate electorate.He showed his dismay towards agitational politics of Indian National Congress (1885).He established Muslim Educational Conference in 1886,though reason behind creation was overview of yearly progress in eduactional field,dissemination of message of Aligarrah,it wore the avatar of political mouth piece of the Muslims & became forerunner of All India Muslim League.As a counterblast to Congress he created United Indian Patriotic Association.After Cow-killing riots he creadted Mohammadan Defense Association.Thus despite eschewel of politics he duly cared about rights of the Muslims.

4) Reemergence of gone glory & prestige (Impacts)

a) In a shortest time period Muslims got acceptance in all spheres of life by the British overlords.Perhaps the change occured in their behaviour in between 1870-80.Before that Aligarrah Movement had to fought on 2 fronts,1) with the British animosity towards the Muslims & with fellow Muslims scepticism toward Modernity.

b) When Government jobs were opened for the Muslims,sixty percent men,who got jobs were Aligarrahrians.

c) Aligarrah Movement Publications were widely accepted by the elite class officers who took help from those write ups while framing policies.Those publications published grievances of the Muslims,remedial steps & also helped Muslims to think on new terms.Thus Muslim view-point got sympathic ears.

d) Aligarrah Movement had a galaxy of well eduacted Muslim personalities that later took part in active politics to secure rights of the Muslims.

e) Social outlook of Muslims got some semblance of contemporary and much needed reorientation.This change was appreciation of the fact that their innings had been played and thus they had to come up with something new.Aligarrah Movement realised Muslim that ostrich like disposition would not help them in acquiring back their prestige.

f) Politically , Muslims built upon Sir Syed's definition of Two Nation Theory and his idea about separate electorates.The students of Aligarrah took part in khilafat Movement 1920-1924,helped Muslim League to win elections of 1945-46,made Pakistan Resolution name of every Muslim household.Simla Deputation & creation of All India Muslim League was based on vision of his efforts for righs the Muslims.The only change was a formal political party.

Jinnah called Aligarrah Movement "Arsenal of Pakistan Movement" and Iqbal said about Sir Syed that "he was the first person who realised the need of fresh reorientation of Islam".The British Media called him "prophet of education".It is nothing less than a miracle that the Movement changed Muslims from a doomed nation to self-conscious and organized nation within one generationwithout shedding a drop of blood.
Demands made in the Simla Deputation (1905) ,creation of All India Muslim League and renewed sense of being distinct nation all were due to the vision & confidence provided by Aligarrah Movement.Two Nation Theory that was defined by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan is basis of Pakistan so the Movement helped the blighted nation to regain her glory.

5) Conclusion

It is crystal clear that Aligarrah Movement that was basically eduactional in nature but influenced all spheres of the Muslim life.It was eduactional renaissance that sparked off reawakening in hearts of the Muslims.From providing strong educational basis to well articulated political stance,from contemporary sociocultural outlook to rational understanding of religion this Movement was on forefront of struggle to regain past glory and prestige of the Muslims.

guys do check and mark...kindly do correction so that i know faults in writing.and sara,fassi,ali hashmat,shakeel ghori and shareena please give me some tip to better my typing speed,as i am taking too much time in typing one answer that is so easy to write on paper.

pearlyS what a nice attempt! If you attempt like this in your exam, really you will be rocking.........Wow...

Your presentation and your way of attempting question is outstanding really......You have covered nearly each and every thank, have bound me to give you 18/20.....

Thanks....and Wish you best of Luck for your coming attempt.......

Sarar........

ssara · #**173** Thursday, August 16, 2012

All active and other interested Members are highly requested for the preparation of CSS-2013 that:

Dear respected active members, you are all doing well job. wish you best of luck for in this vital exercise of Pak Affairs. After completing it within a few days. We will have to start Islamiat and so on our all compulsory subjects. After done(compulsory)it, We will have to start our optional subjects. Now, please post your optional subjects as we could be in touch with the vital exercise. You all are requested to share your optional subjects as we have to make a strategy for doing this beneficial exercise till exam. So, in optional subjects, we will have to attempt our questions similarly in order to get us prepared in this precious forum under the seniors and discussions.

My Final Optional Subjects are:

Indo-Pakistan History
Political Science
Constitution Law
Sindhi

And InshALLAH, after completing compulsory subjects, we will have to start our above optional subjects. Anyone who is interested for taking part in this precious exercise please post you subjects as we will have to go further with according to our optional subjects which are common.

Thanks.......

Regards.......

Sara..........

pearlyS · #**174** Thursday, August 16, 2012

@shakeel:

Dear your writing style is no doubt admirable and crisp.But i want to say that if you had provided some more details,your attempt would have been rocking.But your writing style supported you a lot.i suggest you to built upon this quality of crisp writing. i would have given you 17 if you had put some more facts.now 15/20

@sara

dear you are remarkable in progress.you write to the point and this is good for a css candidate.But you too skipped some information that would have got you more marks. for now 13/20

@ pearl

welcome dear.your style is good but add some more information.have a look at alihashmat's post where he mentioned some vital points.overall 13/20.

@alihashmat

Dear this question demands appreciation of aligarh movement.There is no need to point negative points,as they were not asked.Rest,your information is indeed helpful if question comes regarding negative aspects.

@all,i do not feel myself worth enough to give you guys marks.i am also a learner like you and we all are in same boat.But to follow the tradition i have to give marks.Otherwise all are doing good in their own way and improving remarkably.

@fassi,where is your attempt dear?

shakeel ghori · #**175** Thursday, August 16, 2012

Quote:

Originally Posted by pearlyS

Q8. Aligarh Movement Injected a new life in the body of the Muslim nation and how movement helped to regain their lost glory and prestige. Discuses.

1) Introduction
2) Post War of independence situation & Muslims under wrath of new rulers
3) How Movement came to the rescue of the wronged Muslims of subcontinent (Services)
a) Educational
b) Socio-cultural
c) Political
4) Recurrence of gone glory & prestige (Impacts)
5) Conclusion

1) Introduction:-

Aligarrah Movement or services of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan(1807-1898) are one and the same thing.Because Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the person who first assessed plight of his brethern, after the War of Independence, through prism of reality & then tried his best to bring some respite.Modern Education of his community-men was the mainstay of his strategy to revive their image of cultured and highly eduacted nation.All ventures he started & all policies he made to stem the decline of the Muslims were together named as Aligarrah Movement.Although nature of the Movement was purely eduactional & cultural but when her impacts were observed & analyzed it came up that the Movement had impacted all spheres of the then Muslim community.Under the banner of Aligarrah Movement,Sir Syed provided Muslims necessary socio-cultural outlook to understand the changes around them,a strong eduactional base to stand confidently and a vision, direction & platform that later guided them in their political posturing.Most importantly he helped in reducing gulf between Muslims & the Britsh rulers without which it was impossible for the Muslims to regain their morale & position.

2) Post War of independence situation & Muslims under wrath of new rulers

The War of Independence took place in 1857 and had it's roots in unjust policies of the Bristish rulers & their negligence towards sentiments of their subjects.Hindus & Muslims both participated in that war but British put the onus of war on the Muslims.It was partially because they had grabbed throne of the Subcontinent from Muslims,thus,they were more sceptic or cynic towards the MUslims & their resentment towards the British.Doors of Government officies or trade were closed at Muslims that means progress & prosperity had been banned for them.In eduactional field,situation was worst then ever.Due to growing clout of Missionaries and introduction of Western or English eduaction,Muslims did not want to send their children to the institutes.They resented the closure of Makteb system & end of religious education.Therefore,within years,Muslims from pedestal of educational , socio-economic supremacy & political ascendancy fell on the ground and went unconscious of their changed surroundings.
That was the context of starting off of the Aligarrah Movement.Sir Syed made up his mind to awaken the moribund Muslim nation through western education,rational understanding of facts & conciliatory stance towards the British.

"Sir Syed set up a college,nay,he bulit up a nation" (Molvi Abdul Haq)

3) How Movement came to rescue of the wronged Muslims of subcontinent (Services)

Sir Syed was an erudite scholar & astute statesman.He had realized that use of force or showing hatred to the British was not a desireable move that time.Moreoevr, Muslims were not in the position to do so.Nonetheless,their incooperation was only helping Hindus to gain maximum benefits.Thus through his pen,head & heart he concocted the defense & then support system for his fellow community men.
a) Services in Eduactional field to get back the lost confidence:

1) Establishment of a school in Muradabad (1859)
2) Establishment of school in Ghazipur (1862)
3) Scientific Society in 1864( it was established to translate books, written in English, to the Urdu language.Approximately 800 books were translated)
4) Establishment of Aligarrah Institute Gazzette (1866) He himself wrote 262 Articles for the Gazzette.It was full of information about modern sciences-a very well reputed & appreciated work.
5) Risala tehzeeb o akhlaq (1870) It was on the pattern of Tatler magazine and it's publication was started after his return from London.That magazine was evidence of his interest in Modern Education and English mannerism or sophistication. The magazine was an educationist in its own right as it taught Muslims new civilized way of living.
6) Aligarrah Institute (1875) Later on it was made college in 1877 & after death of Sir Syed it was made university in 1913.
Above-mentioned steps had far reaching impacts in buttressing the cause of Muslims' rights.The most important move was establishment of Aligarrah school.It was established on the pattern of the western education system like the Cambridge & Oxford.He was greatly impressed by that system of learning and introduced it in Aligarrah College to sync oriental studies with modern science and English eduaction.He hired British professors to impart knowledge & insight among new generation of the Muslims.He compelled Muslims to understand the urgency of times & got prepared for new era of Science & modernity.

"His motto was educate,educate & educate." (Graham , in Sir Syed's Biography)

With education comes power,power to separate good from bad,to adjust prioritites & to make decisions,decisions that are informed,rational and lead to real progress.This is exactly what Aligarrah Movement provided to the Muslims.

b) Services to uplift Socio-cultural dispositon & thawrt religious conservatism & bigotry

Publications like Risala Tehzib o Ikhlaq was aimed at transforming Muslims medieval social manners to contemporary civilized etiquettes.Aligarrh Institute Gazzette was also doing the service of enlightening mindset of Muslims.He strived diligently to save the Urdu language from getting buried under debris of state neglect.After 1867 urdu-hindi controversy he expidited his efforts to purge the Urdu from ostentation or verbosity and making it a live language.He translated English books in Urdu vernacular.
The new system of Education & learning the English language also helped Muslims to embrace new ideas.Within one generation they had been able to get jobs in Government offices.Sir Syed also championed quota system in jobs to help Muslims in getting decent jobs.Thus their social status started getting improved.They were made capable enough to get rid of ulemas who had done nothing for them except issuing fatwas against the modern education.That modern eduaction cleaned the dirt of conservatism & irrationality off their mind.Risala ehkam e tawam was written to erase the misconception that a Muslim should not inter-dine with Christens.Sir Syed wrote that as Christens are the people of Book( ehle kitab) therefore there is no harm in sitting with them on same dinning table.
Sir Syed was a staunch muslim but not a fanatic.He also did not want his brethern to adopt path of extremism.Aligarrah Movement also took significant steps to eradicate that evil of fanaticim budding in hearts of the Muslims due to perceived fear of 'infidel' cultural onslaught.He wrote a commentary on the Holy book of Muslims.That commentry was rational interpretation of Islam that was welcoming towards Science.In that commentry he,at least on 57 places,disagreed with interpretation of Islam by Ulemas.According to him words & work of Almighty could not contradict,it was Muslims who were wrong in their understanding of Islam.He also wrote "khutbat e ahmadiya " to straight the facts and figueres about Prophet's life that were twisted by William Muir in his book.He also cleared the concept of word "Nisara" ( a kind of derogatory term for Christens) by tracing its etymological meaning.He also wrote a document on similarities between the Bible & the Holy Quran to create harmony between two communities.His writings were considered authentic & duly appreciated & followed by British statesmen & policy makers (in Indian matters).

c) Political Services

Preface of write up on political services of Aligarrh Movement should be like,"it was never a political Movement neither it aimed to gain any political benefit.Then how come some of it's services have been listed as political.??Politics was Sir Syed's pet aversion but he struggled for rights of Muslims.The very first step in that direction was attempts to fill schism between Muslims & the Britsh rulers.He wrote "Causes of Revolt" pamphlet and very courageously explained that how racial discrimination & heedlessness towards sentiments of her subjects cost the British in the form of loss of men and material.He pointed towards non-admission of Muslims in legislative council & piling up of grievances that triggered off that revolt.He assured the British rulers that Muslims are peace loving nation & were loyal to them.
He was the first person who used word "qoum" for Muslims.Sir Syed in his 1884 speech as member of legislative council pointed towards pecularities of the Indian subcontinent as habitat of different nations.He advocated separate electorates that later on became basis of Muslim's demand of separate electorate.He showed his dismay towards agitational politics of Indian National Congress (1885).He established Muslim Educational Conference in 1886,though reason behind creation was overview of yearly progress in eduactional field,dissemination of message of Aligarrah,it wore the avatar of political mouth piece of the Muslims & became forerunner of All India Muslim League.As a counterblast to Congress he created United Indian Patriotic Association.After Cow-killing riots he creadted Mohammadan Defense Association.Thus despite eschewel of politics he duly cared about rights of the Muslims.

4) Reemergence of gone glory & prestige (Impacts)

a) In a shortest time period Muslims got acceptance in all spheres of life by the British overlords.Perhaps the change occured in their behaviour in between 1870-80.Before that Aligarrah Movement had to fought on 2 fronts,1) with the British animosity towards the Muslims & with fellow Muslims scepticism toward Modernity.

b) When Government jobs were opened for the Muslims,sixty percent men,who got jobs were Aligarrahrians.

c) Aligarrah Movement Publications were widely accepted by the elite class officers who took help from those write ups while framing policies.Those publications published grievances of the Muslims,remedial steps & also helped Muslims to think on new terms.Thus Muslim view-point got sympathic ears.

d) Aligarrah Movement had a galaxy of well eduacted Muslim personalities that later took part in active politics to secure rights of the Muslims.

e) Social outlook of Muslims got some semblance of contemporary and much needed reorientation.This change was appreciation of the fact that their innings had been played and thus they had to come up with something new.Aligarrah Movement realised Muslim that ostrich like disposition would not help them in acquiring back their prestige.

f) Politically , Muslims built upon Sir Syed's definition of Two Nation Theory and his idea about separate electorates.The students of Aligarrah took part in khilafat Movement 1920-1924,helped Muslim League to win elections of 1945-46,made Pakistan Resolution name of every Muslim household.Simla Deputation & creation of All India Muslim League was based on vision of his efforts for righs the Muslims.The only change was a formal political party.

Jinnah called Aligarrah Movement "Arsenal of Pakistan Movement" and Iqbal said about Sir Syed that "he was the first person who realised the need of fresh reorientation of Islam".The British Media called him "prophet of education".It is nothing less than a miracle that the Movement changed Muslims from a doomed nation to self-conscious and organized nation within one generationwithout shedding a drop of blood.
Demands made in the Simla Deputation (1905) ,creation of All India Muslim League and renewed sense of being distinct nation all were due to the vision & confidence provided by Aligarrah Movement.Two Nation Theory that was defined by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan is basis of Pakistan so the Movement helped the blighted nation to regain her glory.

5) Conclusion

It is crystal clear that Aligarrah Movement that was basically eduactional in nature but influenced all spheres of the Muslim life.It was eduactional renaissance that sparked off reawakening in hearts of the Muslims.From providing strong educational basis to well articulated political stance,from contemporary sociocultural outlook to rational understanding of religion this Movement was on forefront of struggle to regain past glory and prestige of the Muslims.

guys do check and mark...kindly do correction so that i know faults in writing.and sara,fassi,ali hashmat,shakeel ghori and shareena please give me some tip to better my typing speed,as i am taking too much time in typing one answer that is so easy to write on paper.

Dear pearlyS you have done a marvelous job. Your writing is highly persuasive, and the vocabulary you use in expressing your thoughts make your expression eloquent and precise. As per your topic is concerned, I would like to say that you have left no room for criticism. Every fact and figure has been explained extensively in accordance with the need of question. A well organised attempt. I wish you best of luck. I am giving you 17/20.. Just keep it up.. Your contribution is very beneficial for other members..
------------------------

For improving your typing go on this site:..... http://download.cnet.com/TypingMaste...4-5425869.html ........and download this typing master. Practicing on this for few days will improve your typing to good extent. I also was not good in typing, but after doing this practice I have improved a lot. You may download any other typing master as well, if you find..

Regards

ssara · #**176** Thursday, August 16, 2012

the active members, Shakeel and Fassi please let me know your optional subjects which you have done final, I am trying to get the common subjects for optional in order to get it prepared here..........

As Shakeel you have Psychology+International Law

Fassi has International Law........

If you both are final with the above subjects then also I am willing to opt these subjects ............

As I have also bought the books of Psychology and International Law..... Instead I was thinking to opt Indopak and Pol Sc: but these r not scoring......

If you people join me in this forum for getting these common subjects prepared then I am going to opt the below combination........

International Law
Psychology
Geography
Sindhi

I am waiting for your reply to get it final........

Thanks............

Fassi · #**177** Thursday, August 16, 2012

Quote:

Originally Posted by ssara

the active members, Shakeel and Fassi please let me know your optional subjects which you have done final, I am trying to get the common subjects for optional in order to get it prepared here..........

As Shakeel you have Psychology+International Law

Fassi has International Law........

If you both are final with the above subjects then also I am willing to opt these subjects ............

As I have also bought the books of Psychology and International Law..... Instead I was thinking to opt Indopak and Pol Sc: but these r not scoring......

If you people join me in this forum for getting these common subjects prepared then I am going to opt the below combination........

International Law
Psychology
Geography
Sindhi

I am waiting for your reply to get it final........

Thanks............

Done . I'm OK with International Law even I can teach you people International Law from start till end in few days with bullet notes as I've done L.L.B and also opted it for my CE2013.

I need you people to help me in C.A as I'm reluctant to deal with C.A because I've no interest in politics.

Pearl013 · #**178** Thursday, August 16, 2012

dear ssara,shakeel and Pearly s thanks alot for your encouragement.it was my first attempt and was confused but u people have gave me courage to continue further.i have noted all the suggestions and inshallah work on them. ssara ur questions will really help us in exam.
pearly i am very impressed from your expression and vocabulary

. i also want to improve my vocab and expression.pls guide me.

Pearl013 · #**179** Thursday, August 16, 2012

Quote:

Originally Posted by ssara

the active members, Shakeel and Fassi please let me know your optional subjects which you have done final, I am trying to get the common subjects for optional in order to get it prepared here..........

As Shakeel you have Psychology+International Law

Fassi has International Law........

If you both are final with the above subjects then also I am willing to opt these subjects ............

As I have also bought the books of Psychology and International Law..... Instead I was thinking to opt Indopak and Pol Sc: but these r not scoring......

If you people join me in this forum for getting these common subjects prepared then I am going to opt the below combination........

International Law
Psychology
Geography
Sindhi

I am waiting for your reply to get it final........

Thanks............

well dear ssara i also want to join u people in preparation. My optional are
1.sociology
2.journalism
3.psychology
4.punjabi
5.international law

ssara · #**180** Friday, August 17, 2012

Quote:

Originally Posted by Pearl013

well dear ssara i also want to join u people in preparation. My optional are
1.sociology
2.journalism
3.psychology
4.punjabi
5.international law

Thats great Shakeel and I also have opted Psychology+International Law. and Fassi is with us, He is master in International Law, also he has done good work in this subject as according to his post that he is the qualifer student of Law, He will be guiding us fully in this regard...

Pearlys Please Could you let us know your optional subjects ............

Thanks.........

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The Following User Says Thank You to shakeel ghori For This Useful Post:
pearlyS (Friday, August 17, 2012)

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pearlyS (Friday, August 17, 2012)

The Following User Says Thank You to Pearl013 For This Useful Post:
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